Advisor Reflections
Over the past 10 weeks, I’ve witnessed this team’s incredible transformation. They started as
complete beginners but approached the Wharton Business Investment Competition with
determination and a genuine eagerness to learn. They utilized all available resources, supporting
and motivating each other at every step. Their commitment to understanding investment
fundamentals was clear through their spirited discussions, at the beginning.
What truly stands out is their ability to collaborate effectively, combining individual strengths
into a team effort. Beyond just the competition results, this experience has opened doors to the
world of investing, providing them with a solid foundation. It has also equipped them with
invaluable life skills such as critical thinking, strategic planning, and teamwork. I’m incredibly
proud of their progress and the confidence they’ve gained in this journey.
~Shilpa Chitnis
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Trading Notes
Stock on the approved list - INFY
Trade Note - “Leader in the IT sector in the Indian
markets, which is at a tremendous growth percentage.
The IT sector is a growing sector in this world of
technology and AI.”
Infosys has an annual revenue of $18.6 billion, and 180% stock growth over the last five years.
Based in India, the fastest-growing economy with a 7.6% GDP growth rate, it’s well-positioned
to thrive as the country rapidly develops. Currently the world’s fifth-largest economy, India is on
track to overtake Germany for fourth place.
But Infosys is not only leading in India, but is slowly solidifying its position in the American and
European markets as well as the tech leader.
The company reflects the following mathematical ratios- ROCE: 40% ; Debt: Equity Ratio: 0.1 ;
P/E: 29
ETF on the approved list - IJH
Trade Note - “We have built a large-cap
diversified stock portfolio. Thus, investing in a
mid-cap ETF for higher returns.”
The iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF provides exposure to American mid-cap companies with
high growth potential. Most of our investments are in large-cap stocks, so we decided to invest in
this ETF to enhance earnings and diversify our portfolio. The ETF spans sectors like industrials,
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consumer discretionary, and healthcare. IJH adds high, long term growth potential, balancing
large-cap investments.
The P/E ratio of the ETF is 17.3, and its growth rate over the last five years is 62%, making it a
strong addition to our investment strategy.
Stock outside the approved list - BRK/B
Trade Note - “BRK is a leading investment firm
and bound to see high growth”
Berkshire Hathaway is the most revered
financial company in the world. It has demonstrated stable performance due to good leadership
and smart investment tactics. Its diversified portfolio makes it immune to economic downturns in
one sector. BRK/B supports our strategy by offering high diversification with its long term,
medium-risk, high-return investments across several industries. Lastly, the key ratios further
reiterate its position as a strong player in the market with low-risk, high, long-term returns. Here
are some of the key ratios of the company- P/E: 9.25, ROE: 18.24%, ROCE: 7.8, Debt-Equity
Ratio: 0.19.
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Portfolio At A Glance
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Why our WInS Portfolio and
Recommended Portfolio for Ladi
are the same -
Market Mavericks’ recommended
portfolio for Ladi is the same as our
current investments, as it is
carefully structured for long-term
growth (10-15 years) with a
projected return of 9%. By 2030, we
estimate the portfolio will grow to $63,000 and further increase to $165,500 by 2040,
comfortably exceeding Ladi’s financial goals. This portfolio aligns with Ladi’s moderate to
high-risk appetite, as well as his interests, hobbies and aims. It focuses primarily on large-cap
companies, which are established market leaders chosen after meticulous analysis. For stability
and high growth, we’ve included a mid-cap ETF, ensuring a well-diversified approach. Although
we anticipate short-term volatility due to market fluctuations, current affairs or company
rebalancing, our focus remains on the long-term horizon.
This approach ensures that Ladi benefits from long-term growth, achieving his desired financial
milestones while maintaining his interest and an effective balance between risk management and
return generation.
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Report Details
Investment and Decision-Making Process:
1. Client Analysis -
Through a detailed review of Oladipupo Ayoola’s social media activity, articles, and professional
background, we understand him as a driven, patriotic, community-focused individual with clear
financial priorities. As portfolio managers, we see Ladi as someone with a medium-risk appetite,
balancing personal stability, money-making and impactful investments. His entrepreneurial
ventures, like Plugtent, and his plans for Nigerian youth empowerment reflect a vision for
sustainable growth and social change. He values diversification, cultural connection, and
long-term planning, making it essential to to curate his portfolio as such.
2. Economy Analysis -
Following our top-down fundamental analysis strategy, we selected three economies for our
long-term plan. Our analysis focused on six key factors: GDP growth rate, per capita income,
inflation, government debt and policies, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), and PMI (Purchasing
Managers' Index). Based on this, we identified the United States, India, and Taiwan as the most
suitable economies for our needs.
The United States of America according to the factors gave the following numbers:
GDP growth rate- 2.70%, which is very good for such a large economy.
Per capita income- $80,300, which is extremely high showing the domestic success.
Inflation- 2.50%, which is in a moderate range.
Government debt and policies- 122% of the economy; The policies are shaped such that it
promotes economic growth.
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FDI- $177B; highest in the world.
PMI- 47.3
The Republic of India gave the following results:
GDP growth rate- 7.60%. Largest in the world.
Per capita income- $10,000, showing potential for large growth.
Inflation- 3.65%; In the moderate range
Government debt and policies– 81.58%; The policies are very supportive for a
developing economy, helping every class of the society to grow.
FDI- $71B
PMI- 57.7
The Republic of China(Taiwan) provided the following figures:
GDP growth rate- 2.80%, due to rapid urbanization and industrialization.
Per capita income- $67,455.
Inflation- 2.08%, which is very low
Government debt and policies– 29.1%, which is very low for such an urbanized country.
Further its large, skilled workforce, participation in Free Trade Agreements, developed
infrastructure, climate focused.
FDI- $6.5B
PMI- 51.5
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3. Sector Analysis -
We began by evaluating economies and then moved on to analyze various sectors within them.
These sectors are part of the 11-sector GICS (Global Industry Classification Standard)
framework. Our team conducted an in-depth analysis of each sector using Porter’s Five Forces
model, focusing on the following factors:
Threat of New Entrants
Barriers to entry
Capital requirements
Government policies
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Number of customers
Difference between competitors
Supplier Power
Number and size of suppliers
Uniqueness of each suppliers
product
Threat of Substitute Products
Number of substitute products
available
Buyers propensity to substitute
Perceived level of product
differentiation
Competition in the Market
Rivalry among competitors
Diversity of competitors
Quality difference
These factors enabled us to derive conclusions for the following sectors:
IT Sector - A highly promising sector for investment due to its exceptional growth
potential; however, it comes with significant risks stemming from intense competition.
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Financial Sector - Offers substantial growth opportunities, but the high levels of
competition introduce considerable risks. It is a money making sector, especially in the long run,
but long-term investors should carefully evaluate market dynamics before committing.
Consumer Discretionary Sector - The sectors dependence on economic cycles,
consumer sentiment, and intense competition makes it a high-risk, high-reward investment. The
environment of violence and war, and a recession looming around the corner, makes this sector
extremely loss bearing. While it has significant potential during economic booms, downturns
will affect profitability.
Real Estate Sector - A sector with substantial entry barriers due to high initial
investments and maintenance costs. These factors make it a more stable but capital-intensive
long-term investment option.
Healthcare Sector - A resilient and indispensable sector that offers stable and promising
long-term investment opportunities. Its critical nature, consistent demand, and ability to
withstand economic fluctuations make it a highly attractive option for investors.
Communication Sector - The sector offers stable demand and low entry barriers but
faces high competition and sensitivity to industrial growth. However, with the rise of
alternatives, its long-term growth potential is limited, making it less promising compare
Materials Sector - A stable industry offering low but consistent returns. It is a suitable
option for conservative investors prioritizing reliability over high growth.
Energy Sector - This is a money-making sector. With all the developing countries trying
to achieve energy security, this sector will show immense growth.
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Consumer Staples Sector - Consumer staples is a sector which caters to the necessities
of humans. This sector will always perform, especially during times of recession, as we predict
will occur in the next few years. This sector will enable us to mitigate risk.
4. Stock Analysis -
Our stock and ETF selection within the sectors employed both qualitative and quantitative
approaches. We identified top stocks by comparing Quali and Quanti scores. Aiming for a 9%
return, we project achieving $63,000 by 2030 and growing to $165,500 by 2040, meeting and
exceeding Ladi’s financial goals.
Qualitative Analysis
Analysing Factors:
Corporate Governance - Refers to how a company is directed and controlled, including
board composition and transparency. Strong governance ensures effective risk management,
ethical practices, and long-term value creation.
Public Sentiment - Represents the public perception of a company, influenced by news,
social media, and market mood. Positive sentiment can drive stock prices higher, while negative
sentiment may cause underperformance, regardless of a company’s fundamentals.
Moat - A company’s competitive advantage that protects it from rivals, such as strong
brand, patents, or market position.A strong moat suggests the company can maintain its market
share and profitability over time, making it a long-term investment.
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Business Model - Describes how a company generates revenue, including operations,
market strategy, and cost structure.A solid business model indicates sustainable revenue and
profit, while an outdated model may signal risks or inefficiencies.
Debt - Looks at how a company manages its debt, including usage, structure, and risk.
Effective debt management shows financial health, while excessive debt can increase risk.
Understanding debt usage helps assess financial stability and growth potential.
Quantitative Analysis
GARUDA Approach ((Garuda; Sanskrit : Eagle) representing how we used this approach to
get a bird’s eye view of the market before selecting stocks and other financial instruments)
GARUDA Approach :
Growth Rate Tells us the historical revenue growth of a company over a period.
Asset Management - ROCE (Return on Capital Employed) This profitability ratio tells
us how efficiently the company generates profit from capital. (ROCE=EBIT/total capital)
ROE (Return on Equity) This ratio tells us how efficiently a company has utilised
shareholder equity to return profits. (ROE=PAT/Equity)
Upward Potential (Profit Margin) This profitability ratio tells us how profitable the
company is. (Profit Margin = PAT/sales)
Debt/Equity Ratio is a liquidity ratio telling us how well the company is equipped to
pay back its obligations, and how it is funding its growth through debt or shareholder equity.
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Average P/E Ratio This valuation ratio tells us how the company is valued. This ratio
alone may lead to wrong conclusions, but with the help of the right qualitative analysis, we can
use the P/E ratio to identify undervalued or overvalued stocks.
As an example, we will walk you through how we selected the stock Visa (V)
Visa’s Qualitative Analysis -
Corporate Governance: Visa, over its many years on the public market, has always
maintained the highest standards of openness and transparency with regard to its business,
leadership, and corporate governance practices. Their certifications and decisions are always up
for display on their website and shareholder meetings.
Public Sentiment: Visa’s transparency and clean practices increases trust. Visa continues
to reward shareholders generously, with $3.9 billion returned during the quarter in the form of
dividends and stock repurchases.
Moat: Visa not only provides credit but also the systems required for financial
transactions and communications worldwide. Visa has the largest card network in multiple
countries around the world. The duopoly between Visa and Mastercard is often referred to as one
of the best rivalries in the world.
Business Model: Visa’s strong business model has helped them retain the top spot in the
card network in the USA over and over again. Their unparalleled revenue returns reiterate why
they are the best and most trusted. Over the past year, they processed a total of 54 billion
transactions across the world, up 10%, showing their efficient and successful and long term
business model.
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Debt: Visa’s Debt to Equity ratio stands at 0.54%, well below 1%. Its cash flows from
operating income are in part used for financing and repaying debt which gives it an overall
positive cash flow.
Visa’s Quantitative Analysis -
3 year
growth
Debt
Ratio
Profit
Margin
ROCE
ROE
P/E
15.33
0.54
54.72
32.75
50.57
26.51
The stock yielded a Quanti score of 0.825, which is very high. Additionally, its P/E ratio was low
as compared to competitors in the same sector and industry (e.g. Mastercard has a P/E of 40),
leading us to the conclusion that the stock may be undervalued. Hence we proceeded with an
investment of $3200 in the company.
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Works Cited
1. Deshmukh, A., & Ghose, I. (2024, December 12). Portfolio overview [Graph]. Created using
Microsoft Excel.
2. Deshmukh, A. (2024, December 12). Portfolio allocation by asset class [Graph]. Created using
Microsoft Excel.
3. Deshmukh, A. (2024, December 12). Sector Wise portfolio allocation [Graph]. Created using
Microsoft Excel.
4. Deshmukh, A. (2024, December 12). Percentage of portfolio allocated to each stock [Graph].
Created using Microsoft Excel.
5. Morningstar. (2024, October 27). Visa: A value play in a wide-moat business. Yahoo Finance.
Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/news/visa-value-play-wide-moat-215900643.html
6. NSE Academy. (2024, October). Fundamental analysis. NSE Academy.
7. Infosys. (n.d.). Infosys logo [Image]. Infosys.
8. BlackRock. (n.d.). iShares (BlackRock) logo [Image]. BlackRock.
9. Berkshire Hathaway. (n.d.). Berkshire Hathaway logo [Image]. Berkshire Hathaway.
10. Ghose, I. (2024, November 7). Market Mavericks logo [Image]. Created using Canva.
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